国际权威期刊《食品化学》：转基因大豆草甘膦残留较高

时间：2016-02-16  来源：转基因观察

国际权威期刊《食品化学》发表了一篇学术论文《市场上大豆成份的差别：草甘膦积聚在抗草甘膦转基因大豆中》，论文给出了详细的数据分析和对比，其中关于转基因大豆的草甘膦残留有一幅一目了然的图表：对转基因大豆GM，有机大豆Organic 和普通大豆 conventional 的比较：红色和蓝色分别为转基因大豆中～草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸的残留程度，而在有机大豆（图表最左边）和普通大豆（图表中间）中，草甘膦残留则探测不到：

论文中转基因大豆含高残留草甘膦和氨甲基磷酸（AMPA~是草甘膦最常见代谢产物）（分别为3.26和5.74mg/kg），有机大豆更营养，有更多的糖类，如葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖，更多的总蛋白质，而含较小的锌和纤维。本研究否定了转基因大豆与非转基因大豆的“实质等同”！

需要说明的是为何转基因大豆含有草甘膦残留：目前国内进口的转基因大豆都是抗草甘膦的转基因品种，也有抗虫和抗除草剂两种抗性的。以抗除草剂大豆为例，为抗草甘膦除草剂而设计，这种高科技生产出来的大豆如果喷散草甘膦大豆不会死而杂草会死，这样节省人工除草成本。如果是普通大豆呢，那么喷散草甘膦后，普通大豆植株与杂草会一起杀死。这导致转基因大豆的一个最直接的后果是，转基因大豆本身会含有草甘膦残留。

英文链接，原文太长，只摘取部分：

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814613019201

Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: Glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans

市场上大豆成份的差别：草甘膦积聚在抗草甘膦转基因大豆中

Abstract

This article describes the nutrient and elemental composition, including residues of herbicides and pesticides, of 31 soybean batches from Iowa, USA. The soy samples were grouped into three different categories: (i) genetically modified, glyphosate-tolerant soy (GM-soy); (ii) unmodified soy cultivated using a conventional “chemical” cultivation regime; and (iii) unmodified soy cultivated using an organic cultivation regime. Organic soybeans showed the healthiest nutritional profile with more sugars, such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose, significantly more total protein, zinc and less fibre than both conventional and GM-soy. Organic soybeans also contained less total saturated fat and total omega-6 fatty acids than both conventional and GM-soy. GM-soy contained high residues of glyphosate and AMPA (mean 3.3 and 5.7 mg/kg, respectively). Conventional and organic soybean batches contained none of these agrochemicals. Using 35 different nutritional and elemental variables to characterise each soy sample, we were able to discriminate GM, conventional and organic soybeans without exception, demonstrating “substantial non-equivalence” in compositional characteristics for ‘ready-to-market’ soybeans.

3. Results

3.1. Herbicides and pesticides

All individual samples of GM-soy contained residues of both glyphosate and AMPA. In contrast, no sample from the conventional or the organic soybeans showed any residues of these chemicals (Fig. 1). In the GM-soy samples, the concentration of AMPA (mean concentration = 5.74 mg/kg) was on average nearly twice as high as glyphosate (3.26 mg/kg). The minimum − maximum values for AMPA and glyphosate were 0.7–10.0 and 0.4–8.8 mg/kg, respectively.

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• Fig. 1. 

  Residues of glyphosate and AMPA in individual soybean samples (n = 31).

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Fluazifop-P was found in a concentration of 0.078 mg/kg in one of the GM-soy samples, malathion was found in a concentration of 0.02 mg/kg in one of the conventional soy samples and Dieldrin was found in a concentration of 0.002 mg/kg in one of the organic soy samples. Other residues were not found. The additional testing for pesticide residues in pooled samples of GM, conventional and organic soybeans showed trace-levels of Alpha-endosulfane, Trans-nonachlor and Trans-chlordane, all close to the detection limit of 0.05 μg/kg and in all soy types. Dieldrin was also found in very low levels with 0.51, 0.45 and 0.6 μg/kg in GM, conventional and organic soybeans, respectively.

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